S
- S0 (fully on) power state, The Power Manager, The Power Manager, Power Manager Operation
- S1 (sleeping) power state, The Power Manager, The Power Manager, Power Manager Operation
- S2 (sleeping) power state, The Power Manager, Power Manager Operation
- S3 (sleeping) power state, The Power Manager, The Power Manager, Power Manager Operation, Power Availability Requests
- S4 (hibernating) power state, The Power Manager, The Power Manager, Power Manager Operation
- S5 (fully off) power state, The Power Manager, Power Manager Operation
- safe mode, Driver Verifier, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems, Troubleshooting Boot and Startup Problems, Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)–MBR Corruption, Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE), Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE), MBR Corruption
- boot options, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr
- Driver Verifier settings, Driver Verifier
- registry entries, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems
- troubleshooting startup, Troubleshooting Boot and Startup Problems
- Windows RE alternative, Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)–MBR Corruption, Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE), Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE), MBR Corruption
- Safe Mode With Command Prompt, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr, Safe Mode
- Safe Mode With Networking, Safe Mode
- safe save programming, File Names
- safe structured exception handling, Software Data Execution Prevention
- safeboot element, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr
- SAFEBOOT variable, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- safebootalternateshell element, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr
- safemode BCD option, Driver Loading in Safe Mode
- salt (encryption keys), BitLocker Key Recovery
- SANs (storage area networks), Storage Management, iSCSI Drivers
- SAS (Serial Attached SCSI), Disk Devices, Disk Class, Port, and Miniport Drivers
- SATA devices, Prioritization Strategies, Bandwidth Reservation (Scheduled File I/O), Disk Devices, Disk Class, Port, and Miniport Drivers
- saved system states, The Power Manager
- scalability, I/O System, The Low Fragmentation Heap
- heap functions, The Low Fragmentation Heap
- I/O system, I/O System
- scaling (performance states), Thresholds and Policy Settings, Performance Check
- scatter/gather I/O, Scatter/Gather I/O
- SCB (stream control block), NTFS File System Driver, Resource Managers
- scenario manager, Components
- scenarios, Scenarios
- scheduled file I/O, Bandwidth Reservation (Scheduled File I/O)
- scheduled file I/O extension, Opening Devices
- scheduled tasks, I/O Priorities
- scheduler, Algorithm Overrides, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems
- SCM (service control manager), IRP Stack Locations
- SCM process, IRP Stack Locations
- screen savers, blue screen, Hardware Malfunctions
- scripting (BitLocker), BitLocker Drive Encryption
- scripts, user, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- scrubbing pages, PFN Data Structures
- Scsiport.sys driver, Disk Class, Port, and Miniport Drivers, Disk Class, Port, and Miniport Drivers
- SD cards, ReadyBoost
- SD Client buses, Structure and Operation of a KMDF Driver
- SD/MMC support, Disk Devices
- SDI ramdisks, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr
- search indexing priorities, I/O Prioritization
- Second Layer Address Translation (SLAT), The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr
- secondary dump data, Crash Dump Files
- secondary resource managers, Resource Managers, Resource Managers, Resource Managers
- SeCreateSymbolicLink privilege, Symbolic (Soft) Links and Junctions
- section object pointers, Opening Devices, Section Objects, Section Objects, Per-File Cache Data Structures
- section objects (control areas), Introduction to the Memory Manager, Services Provided by the Memory Manager, Allocation Granularity, Shared Memory and Mapped Files–Shared Memory and Mapped Files, Shared Memory and Mapped Files, Shared Memory and Mapped Files, Shared Memory and Mapped Files, Shared Memory and Mapped Files, Prototype PTEs–Prototype PTEs, Prototype PTEs, Prototype PTEs, Section Objects, Section Objects, Section Objects, Section Objects, Section Objects, Section Objects, The Memory Manager, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit, Causes of Windows Crashes
- control areas, Section Objects
- creating, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- file mapping objects, The Memory Manager
- memory manager, Allocation Granularity, Shared Memory and Mapped Files, Section Objects, Section Objects, Section Objects, Section Objects
- memory mapped files, Introduction to the Memory Manager, Services Provided by the Memory Manager, Causes of Windows Crashes
- prototype PTEs, Prototype PTEs–Prototype PTEs, Prototype PTEs, Prototype PTEs
- section objects, Shared Memory and Mapped Files–Shared Memory and Mapped Files, Shared Memory and Mapped Files, Shared Memory and Mapped Files, Shared Memory and Mapped Files
- viewing, Section Objects
- sections, Reserving and Committing Pages, Invalid PTEs
- sector signatures, Log Blocks
- sector size, Unified Caching
- sector to client mapping, Translating Virtual LSNs to Physical LSNs
- sector-level disk I/O, Partition Manager
- sectors, Disk Devices, File Deletion and the Trim Command, File Deletion and the Trim Command, GUID Partition Table Partitioning, The LDM Database, Full-Volume Encryption Driver–BitLocker Management, BitLocker Management, Unified Caching, Log Blocks, Dynamic Bad-Cluster Remapping, Clusters
- blocks, Disk Devices
- encrypting, Full-Volume Encryption Driver–BitLocker Management, BitLocker Management
- GPT bits, GUID Partition Table Partitioning
- larger sizes, Clusters
- LDM database, The LDM Database
- remapping bad clusters, Dynamic Bad-Cluster Remapping
- signatures, Log Blocks
- size, Unified Caching
- trim command, File Deletion and the Trim Command
- updating, File Deletion and the Trim Command
- Secure Digital cards, ReadyBoost
- security, I/O System, BitLocker Drive Encryption–BitLocker To Go, BitLocker Drive Encryption, Encryption Keys, Encryption Keys, Encryption Keys, Trusted Platform Module (TPM), Trusted Platform Module (TPM), BitLocker Boot Process, BitLocker Key Recovery, Full-Volume Encryption Driver, Full-Volume Encryption Driver, BitLocker To Go, BitLocker To Go, Address Windowing Extensions, The Low Fragmentation Heap, Heap Debugging Features, Page Files, Page List Dynamics, Recoverability, Consolidated Security–Transaction Support, Consolidated Security, Consolidated Security, Transaction Support, Encrypting a File for the First Time
- AWE memory, Address Windowing Extensions
- BitLocker, BitLocker Drive Encryption–BitLocker To Go, BitLocker Drive Encryption, Encryption Keys, Encryption Keys, Encryption Keys, Trusted Platform Module (TPM), Trusted Platform Module (TPM), BitLocker Boot Process, BitLocker Key Recovery, Full-Volume Encryption Driver, Full-Volume Encryption Driver, BitLocker To Go, BitLocker To Go
- consolidated NTFS security, Consolidated Security–Transaction Support, Consolidated Security, Consolidated Security, Transaction Support
- encryption recovery agents, Encrypting a File for the First Time
- heap manager, The Low Fragmentation Heap, Heap Debugging Features
- I/O system, I/O System
- NTFS design goals, Recoverability
- page files, Page Files
- zero-initialized pages, Page List Dynamics
- security contexts, Explicit File I/O
- security cookies, Stack Trashes
- security descriptor database, Master File Table
- Security Descriptor Hash (, Consolidated Security, Consolidated Security
- Security Descriptor Stream (, Security, Consolidated Security, Consolidated Security
- security descriptors, Opening Devices, Shared Memory and Mapped Files, General Indexing Facility, File Records, The Change Journal File–Indexing, Indexing, Consolidated Security
- change journal, The Change Journal File–Indexing, Indexing
- file attributes, File Records
- files, Opening Devices
- indexing features, General Indexing Facility
- section objects, Shared Memory and Mapped Files
- sharing descriptors, Consolidated Security
- security files (, Security, Master File Table, Consolidated Security, Consolidated Security, Consolidated Security
- Security ID Index (, Consolidated Security, Consolidated Security
- security IDs (SIDs), Per-User Volume Quotas, Quota Tracking, Consolidated Security, Consolidated Security, Encrypting File System Security
- security mitigations, Controlling Security Mitigations
- security reference monitor, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems
- SeDebugPrivilege rights, Reserving and Committing Pages, Protecting Memory
- seek times, Logical Prefetcher, ReadyBoost
- segment dereference thread, Memory Manager Components
- segment structures, Section Objects
- segments, Heap Manager Structure
- SEH handler, Software Data Execution Prevention
- SEHOP (Structured Exception Handler Overwrite Protection), Software Data Execution Prevention
- self-healing, NTFS, Self-Healing–Encrypting File System Security, Self-Healing, Encrypting File System Security
- semaphore object, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems
- SendTarget portals, iSCSI Drivers
- sequential I/O, Opening Devices, Robust Performance
- sequential read-ahead, Intelligent Read-Ahead
- sequentially reading files, Cache Virtual Memory Management
- Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA), Disk Devices, Disk Class, Port, and Miniport Drivers
- serial devices, debugging, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr
- serial hypervisor debugging, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr
- serial ports, Disk Device Objects, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr, When There Is No Crash Dump
- device objects, Disk Device Objects
- hypervisor debugging, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr
- kernel debugger, When There Is No Crash Dump
- serializing IRPs, Structure of a Driver
- server applications, No Execute Page Protection, NTFS File System Driver
- cache manager, NTFS File System Driver
- execution protection, No Execute Page Protection
- server farms (crash analysis), Online Crash Analysis
- Server Message Block (SMB) protocol, Remote FSDs, Remote FSDs, Locking
- server-side remote FSDs, Remote FSDs–File System Operation, Remote FSDs, File System Operation
- servers, VSS Operation, Crash Dump Files
- Memory.dmp files, Crash Dump Files
- shadow copies, VSS Operation
- Service Hosting Process (Svchost.exe), Driver Installation, Logical Prefetcher
- service loading, The Start Value–The Start Value, The Start Value
- service packs, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- Services for Unix Applications, Process Reflection
- Services registry key, Troubleshooting Crashes
- services, shutting down, Shutdown
- Services.exe, IRP Stack Locations
- Session 0 window hook, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- Session Manager (Smss.exe), Volume Mounting, Virtual Address Space Layouts, Image Randomization, Page Files–Page Files, Page Files, Page Files, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems–Smss, Csrss, and Wininit, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit, Boot Logging in Safe Mode, Post–Splash Screen Crash or Hang
- boot logging in safe mode, Boot Logging in Safe Mode
- boot logs, Post–Splash Screen Crash or Hang
- DLL order, Image Randomization
- initialization tasks, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems–Smss, Csrss, and Wininit, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- initializing, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- page file setup, Page Files–Page Files, Page Files, Page Files
- process, Virtual Address Space Layouts
- running Chkdsk, Volume Mounting
- session manager process, Virtual Address Space Layouts
- session namespaces, Explicit File I/O
- session space, Kernel-Mode Heaps (System Memory Pools), Virtual Address Space Layouts, x86 Session Space–System Page Table Entries, x86 Session Space, System Page Table Entries, 64-Bit Address Space Layouts–64-Bit Address Space Layouts, 64-Bit Address Space Layouts, Page Directories
- 64-bit layouts, 64-Bit Address Space Layouts–64-Bit Address Space Layouts, 64-Bit Address Space Layouts
- defined, Virtual Address Space Layouts
- page tables, Page Directories
- pool, Kernel-Mode Heaps (System Memory Pools)
- utilization, x86 Session Space
- x86 systems, x86 Session Space–System Page Table Entries, System Page Table Entries
- session-private object manager namespace, Virtual Address Space Layouts
- SESSION5_INITIALIZATION_FAILED code, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems
- sessions, Virtual Address Space Layouts, Virtual Address Space Layouts, Working Sets
- defined, Virtual Address Space Layouts
- sessionwide code and data, Virtual Address Space Layouts
- working sets, Working Sets
- Set APIs, KMDF Data Model, Transactional APIs
- SetEndOfFile API, Transactional APIs
- SetFileBandwidthReservation API, Opening Devices
- SetFileCompletionNotificationModes API, I/O Completion Port Operation
- SetFileInformationByHandle function, Prioritization Strategies, Transactional APIs
- SetFileIoOverlappedRange API, Opening Devices
- SetFileShortName API, Transactional APIs
- SetFileTime API, Transactional APIs
- SetPriorityClass function, Prioritization Strategies
- SetProcessDEPPolicy function, No Execute Page Protection
- SetProcessShutdownParameters function, Shutdown
- SetProcessWorkingSetSize function, Working Set Management
- SetProcessWorkingSetSizeEx function, Locking Memory
- SetThreadExecutionState API, Power Availability Requests
- SetThreadPriority function, Prioritization Strategies
- Setupapi.dll, Driver Installation
- Setupcl.exe, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces function, Driver Objects and Device Objects
- SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail function, Driver Objects and Device Objects
- SET_REPAIR flags, Self-Healing
- SE_LOCK_MEMORY privilege, Thread Agnostic I/O
- shadow copies, Volume Shadow Copy Service–Conclusion, VSS Architecture, VSS Operation–Uses in Windows, Shadow Copy Provider, Shadow Copy Provider, Shadow Copy Provider, Shadow Copy Provider, Shadow Copy Provider, Uses in Windows–Previous Versions and System Restore, Uses in Windows, Backup, Backup, Previous Versions and System Restore, Previous Versions and System Restore, Previous Versions and System Restore, Previous Versions and System Restore, Previous Versions and System Restore, Conclusion
- backup operations, Uses in Windows–Previous Versions and System Restore, Backup, Previous Versions and System Restore
- operations, VSS Operation–Uses in Windows, Shadow Copy Provider, Shadow Copy Provider, Uses in Windows
- set IDs, Previous Versions and System Restore
- Volume Shadow Copy Service, Volume Shadow Copy Service–Conclusion, VSS Architecture, Shadow Copy Provider, Shadow Copy Provider, Shadow Copy Provider, Backup, Previous Versions and System Restore, Previous Versions and System Restore, Previous Versions and System Restore, Conclusion
- Shadow Copies for Shared Folders, Previous Versions and System Restore
- shadow copy device objects, Previous Versions and System Restore
- Shadow Copy Provider, Shadow Copy Provider–Uses in Windows, Shadow Copy Provider, Shadow Copy Provider, Uses in Windows
- shadow copy volumes, Previous Versions and System Restore
- share counts, Modified Page Writer, PFN Data Structures, PFN Data Structures, PFN Data Structures
- share modes (file objects), Opening Devices
- share-access checks, Opening Devices
- shareable address space, User Address Space Layout
- shareable pages, Reserving and Committing Pages, Reserving and Committing Pages
- shared access leases, Locking
- shared access locks, Locking
- shared cache maps, Per-File Cache Data Structures, Per-File Cache Data Structures, Per-File Cache Data Structures, Per-File Cache Data Structures, Explicit File I/O
- shared encrypted files, Encrypting File System Security
- shared heaps, read-only, Types of Heaps
- shared memory, Shared Memory and Mapped Files, Shared Memory and Mapped Files, Shared Memory and Mapped Files, Protecting Memory, Virtual Address Space Layouts
- shared pages, Address Windowing Extensions, Prototype PTEs, Prototype PTEs, Prototype PTEs
- shell, Link Tracking, Link Tracking, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit, Online Crash Analysis
- shell namespace, Link Tracking–Encryption, Link Tracking, Encryption
- shim mechanisms, Fault Tolerant Heap
- short names, File Records, File Names, File Names, File Names
- ShrinkAbort request, Dynamic Partitioning
- ShrinkCommit request, Dynamic Partitioning
- shrinking engine (partitions), Dynamic Partitioning
- ShrinkPrepare request, Dynamic Partitioning
- shutdown, Driver Verifier, Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE), Shutdown, Shutdown, Shutdown, Shutdown
- SideShow-compatible devices, User-Mode Driver Framework (UMDF)
- SIDs (security IDs), Per-User Volume Quotas, Quota Tracking, Consolidated Security
- signatures, Driver Installation, Driver Installation, Driver Installation, Driver Installation, Driver Installation, Heap Security Features
- driver signing, Driver Installation, Driver Installation, Driver Installation, Driver Installation
- heap tail checking, Heap Security Features
- verification, Driver Installation
- simple volumes, Storage Terminology, Mirrored Volumes
- single bit corruption, Buffer Overruns, Memory Corruption, and Special Pool
- single-layered drivers, I/O Request to a Single-Layered Driver–Synchronization, Completing an I/O Request, Synchronization, Synchronization, Synchronization
- single-level cell (SLC) memory, NAND-Type Flash Memory
- single-page granularity, Allocation Granularity
- singly linked lists, Windows x64 16-TB Limitation
- sleep states, Level of Plug and Play Support, The Power Manager, Power Manager Operation, Power Manager Operation, Driver and Application Control of Device Power, Power Availability Requests, Processor Power Management (PPM)
- SLIST_HEADER data structure, Windows x64 16-TB Limitation, Windows x64 16-TB Limitation
- small memory dumps (minidumps), Process Reflection, Crash Dump Files, Crash Dump Files, Crash Dump Files, Hung or Unresponsive Systems
- small pages, Large and Small Pages, Large and Small Pages, Large and Small Pages
- small-IRP look-aside lists, I/O Request Packets
- SMB Server Message Block (SMB) protocol, Remote FSDs, Remote FSDs, Locking
- SMP system processors, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems
- SmpCheckForCrashDump function, Causes of Windows Crashes
- SmpConfigureSharedSessionData function, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- SmpCreateDynamicEnvironmentVariables function, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- SmpCreateInitialSession function, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- SmpCreatePagingFiles function, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- SmpExecuteCommand function, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- SmpInit function, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- SmpInitializeDosDevices function, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- SmpInitializeKnownDlls function, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- SmpLoadDataFromRegistry function, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- SmpProcessFileRenames function, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- SmpStartCsr function, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- SMT cores, Core Parking Policies, Utility Function
- snapshot devices, VSS Operation
- snapshots, Volume Shadow Copy Service–Conclusion, Previous Versions and System Restore, Conclusion
- soft faults, Logical Prefetcher
- soft links, Symbolic (Soft) Links and Junctions–Compression and Sparse Files, Symbolic (Soft) Links and Junctions, Symbolic (Soft) Links and Junctions, Compression and Sparse Files
- soft page faults, NUMA
- soft partitions, The LDM Database, The LDM Database, LDM and GPT or MBR-Style Partitioning
- software attacks, Encryption Keys
- software data execution prevention, Software Data Execution Prevention–Copy-on-Write, Software Data Execution Prevention, Copy-on-Write
- software DEP, Software Data Execution Prevention–Copy-on-Write, Software Data Execution Prevention, Copy-on-Write
- software mirroring, Clone Shadow Copies
- software PTEs, Invalid PTEs–Invalid PTEs, Invalid PTEs, Prototype PTEs
- software resumption from power states, The Power Manager
- software Write bits, Hardware vs. Software Write Bits in Page Table Entries
- sos element, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr
- space quotas, Dynamic System Virtual Address Space Management–User Address Space Layout, User Address Space Layout, User Address Space Layout
- spaces (file names), File Names
- spanned volumes, Spanned Volumes
- spare bits, NAND-Type Flash Memory
- sparse files, UDF, Compression and Sparse Files, Compression and Sparse Files, Data Compression and Sparse Files, Data Compression and Sparse Files, Compressing Sparse Data
- sparse matrix, Compressing Sparse Data
- sparse multilevel VACB arrays, Per-File Cache Data Structures
- spatial locality (cache), Cache Manager’s Read-Ahead Thread
- special agents (prefetch), Page Priority and Rebalancing
- special pool, Dynamic System Virtual Address Space Management, Driver Verifier–Driver Verifier, Driver Verifier, Driver Verifier, Buffer Overruns, Memory Corruption, and Special Pool, Buffer Overruns, Memory Corruption, and Special Pool–Buffer Overruns, Memory Corruption, and Special Pool, Buffer Overruns, Memory Corruption, and Special Pool, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL
- Driver Verifier option, Buffer Overruns, Memory Corruption, and Special Pool, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL
- enabling, Buffer Overruns, Memory Corruption, and Special Pool–Buffer Overruns, Memory Corruption, and Special Pool, Buffer Overruns, Memory Corruption, and Special Pool
- expanding, Dynamic System Virtual Address Space Management
- registry settings, Driver Verifier
- verification, Driver Verifier–Driver Verifier, Driver Verifier
- speed, cluster size and, Clusters
- spinlocks, Synchronization, KMDF Data Model, KMDF Data Model, Look-Aside Lists, Windows x64 16-TB Limitation
- accessing directly, Synchronization
- context areas, KMDF Data Model
- eliminating need for, Windows x64 16-TB Limitation
- KMDF objects, KMDF Data Model
- pools and, Look-Aside Lists
- splash screens, hangs and, Post–Splash Screen Crash or Hang
- split log blocks, Owner Pages
- split mirrors (clone shadow copies), Clone Shadow Copies
- Spoolsvc.exe, Power Availability Requests
- SRTM (Static Root of Trust Measurement), Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
- SSDs (solid state disks), NAND-Type Flash Memory, NAND-Type Flash Memory, NAND-Type Flash Memory–File Deletion and the Trim Command, File Deletion and the Trim Command–File Deletion and the Trim Command, File Deletion and the Trim Command, File Deletion and the Trim Command, File Deletion and the Trim Command, Disk Drivers, ReadyBoost, Unified Caching
- file deletion and trim, File Deletion and the Trim Command–File Deletion and the Trim Command, File Deletion and the Trim Command, Disk Drivers
- ReadyBoost, ReadyBoost, Unified Caching
- slowing down, NAND-Type Flash Memory
- wear-leveling, NAND-Type Flash Memory–File Deletion and the Trim Command, File Deletion and the Trim Command, File Deletion and the Trim Command
- wearing out, NAND-Type Flash Memory
- stack bases, 0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP
- stack cookies, Software Data Execution Prevention
- stack limits, 0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP
- stack locations, I/O Request Packets, IRP Stack Locations–IRP Stack Locations, IRP Stack Locations, IRP Stack Locations, IRP Stack Locations, Completing an I/O Request–Synchronization, Completing an I/O Request, Completing an I/O Request, Synchronization, I/O Requests to Layered Drivers
- I/O request packets (IRPs), IRP Stack Locations–IRP Stack Locations, IRP Stack Locations, IRP Stack Locations, IRP Stack Locations
- IRP reuse and, I/O Requests to Layered Drivers
- large-IRP look-aside list, I/O Request Packets
- request completion, Completing an I/O Request–Synchronization, Completing an I/O Request, Completing an I/O Request, Synchronization
- stack overruns (stack trashes), Stack Trashes–Hung or Unresponsive Systems, Stack Trashes, Stack Trashes, Hung or Unresponsive Systems
- stack pointer register, Stack Trashes, Stack Trashes, 0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP
- stack randomization, Stack Randomization, Stack Randomization
- stack traces, Heap Debugging Features, Write-Back Caching and Lazy Writing, Write-Back Caching and Lazy Writing, Verbose Analysis–Verbose Analysis, Verbose Analysis, Advanced Crash Dump Analysis, 0xD1 - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL–0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL
- displaying device driver, 0xD1 - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL
- heap debugging, Heap Debugging Features
- pool corruption, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL–0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL
- processors, Advanced Crash Dump Analysis
- read-ahead operations, Write-Back Caching and Lazy Writing
- verbose analysis, Verbose Analysis–Verbose Analysis, Verbose Analysis
- write-behind operations, Write-Back Caching and Lazy Writing
- stack trashes, Stack Trashes–Hung or Unresponsive Systems, Hung or Unresponsive Systems
- StackRandomizationDisabled, Stack Randomization
- stacks, Software Data Execution Prevention, User Address Space Layout, Stack Randomization–ASLR in Kernel Address Space, Heap Randomization, ASLR in Kernel Address Space, Stacks–Virtual Address Descriptors, Stacks, Stacks, Kernel Stacks–Virtual Address Descriptors, Kernel Stacks, Kernel Stacks, DPC Stack, Virtual Address Descriptors–Process VADs, Virtual Address Descriptors, Virtual Address Descriptors, Process VADs, Stack Trashes–Hung or Unresponsive Systems, Stack Trashes, Stack Trashes–Hung or Unresponsive Systems, Stack Trashes, Hung or Unresponsive Systems, Hung or Unresponsive Systems
- address space, User Address Space Layout
- analyzing, Stack Trashes–Hung or Unresponsive Systems, Hung or Unresponsive Systems
- crash dump analysis, Stack Trashes–Hung or Unresponsive Systems, Stack Trashes, Hung or Unresponsive Systems
- DEP stack cookies, Software Data Execution Prevention
- DPC, DPC Stack
- kernel, Stacks, Kernel Stacks–Virtual Address Descriptors, Kernel Stacks, Virtual Address Descriptors
- memory manager, Stacks–Virtual Address Descriptors, Stacks, Kernel Stacks, Virtual Address Descriptors–Process VADs, Virtual Address Descriptors, Process VADs
- pointer register, Stack Trashes
- randomization, Stack Randomization–ASLR in Kernel Address Space, Heap Randomization, ASLR in Kernel Address Space
- stampdisks element, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr
- standard BitLocker operation, BitLocker Drive Encryption
- standby cache, Examining Memory Usage
- standby lists, Clustered Page Faults, Page Priority, Page Priority, Components, Components, Cache Size, Cache Physical Size
- prefetched pages, Clustered Page Faults
- prioritized, Page Priority, Page Priority
- rebalancer, Components
- Superfetch service, Components
- system cache, Cache Size, Cache Physical Size
- standby mode, Driver Power Operation, Components
- standby page lists, Examining Memory Usage, Page Fault Handling
- standby pages, PFN Data Structures
- Standby PFN state, Page Frame Number Database, Page Frame Number Database
- standby scenario, Scenarios
- start I/O routines, Structure of a Driver
- Start values, The Start Value, The Start Value, Device Enumeration
- start-device command, Driver Support for Plug and Play
- start-device IRPs, Driver Objects and Device Objects
- Startup Repair tool, Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE), Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)
- Startup.com, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr
- state-transition table, Driver Support for Plug and Play–The Start Value, The Start Value
- static physical NVRAM cache, Unified Caching
- Static Root of Trust Measurement (SRTM), Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
- STATUS_ACCESS_ VIOLATION exception, No Execute Page Protection, 0x8E - KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED
- STATUS_BREAKPOINT exception, 0x8E - KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED–0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP, 0x8E - KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED, 0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP, 0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP
- STATUS_INVALID_DEVICE_REQUEST exception, KMDF I/O Model
- STATUS_REPARSE code, Symbolic (Soft) Links and Junctions
- step model (PPM), Increase/Decrease Actions, Performance Check
- stolen USB keys, Encryption Keys
- stop code analysis, Causes of Windows Crashes, Verbose Analysis–Verbose Analysis, Verbose Analysis, 0xD1 - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL–0x8E - KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED, 0x8E - KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED–0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP, 0x8E - KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED, 0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP–0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL, 0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL–0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL
- DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL–0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL
- DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL, 0xD1 - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL–0x8E - KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED, 0x8E - KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED
- IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL, Causes of Windows Crashes
- KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED, 0x8E - KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED–0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP, 0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP
- UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP, 0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP–0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL
- verbose analysis, Verbose Analysis–Verbose Analysis, Verbose Analysis
- stop codes (bugchecks), Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems, The Blue Screen, Basic Crash Dump Analysis, Basic Crash Dump Analysis, Code Overwrite and System Code Write Protection–Advanced Crash Dump Analysis, Advanced Crash Dump Analysis, Advanced Crash Dump Analysis, 0xD1 - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL
- bugcheck parameters, Basic Crash Dump Analysis, 0xD1 - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL
- bugcheck screens, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems
- illegal instruction fault crashes, Code Overwrite and System Code Write Protection–Advanced Crash Dump Analysis, Advanced Crash Dump Analysis, Advanced Crash Dump Analysis
- manual crashes, Basic Crash Dump Analysis
- numeric identifiers, The Blue Screen
- storage area networks (SANs), Storage Management, iSCSI Drivers
- storage device states, The Plug and Play (PnP) Manager
- storage devices, ReadyBoost, Unified Caching, Unified Caching, Booting from iSCSI
- storage drivers, Prioritization Strategies, Storage Management, Winload–Multipath I/O (MPIO) Drivers, iSCSI Drivers, iSCSI Drivers, Multipath I/O (MPIO) Drivers, Local FSDs, Local FSDs
- device drivers, Storage Management, Local FSDs, Local FSDs
- management, Winload–Multipath I/O (MPIO) Drivers, iSCSI Drivers, iSCSI Drivers, Multipath I/O (MPIO) Drivers
- port drivers, Prioritization Strategies
- storage management, Storage Terminology–Disk Sector Format, Disk Sector Format, Multipath I/O (MPIO) Drivers, Volume Management, Volume Management, Basic Disks, GUID Partition Table Partitioning, GUID Partition Table Partitioning, Basic Disk Volume Manager, Basic Disk Volume Manager, Dynamic Disks, The LDM Database, The LDM Database, The LDM Database, The LDM Database, The LDM Database, LDM and GPT or MBR-Style Partitioning, Dynamic Disk Volume Manager–Multipartition Volume Management, Dynamic Disk Volume Manager, Multipartition Volume Management–RAID-5 Volumes, Multipartition Volume Management, Spanned Volumes, Striped Volumes, Mirrored Volumes, Mirrored Volumes, RAID-5 Volumes, RAID-5 Volumes, The Mount Manager, The Mount Manager, Mount Points, Volume Mounting, Volume Mounting, Volume Mounting, Volume I/O Operations–Virtual Disk Service, Volume I/O Operations, Virtual Disk Service, Virtual Disk Service, Virtual Disk Service, Virtual Disk Service, Virtual Hard Disk Support–BitLocker Drive Encryption, Virtual Hard Disk Support, BitLocker Drive Encryption–BitLocker To Go, BitLocker Drive Encryption, BitLocker Drive Encryption, Encryption Keys, Encryption Keys, Encryption Keys, Trusted Platform Module (TPM), Trusted Platform Module (TPM), BitLocker Boot Process, BitLocker Key Recovery, Full-Volume Encryption Driver, Full-Volume Encryption Driver, Full-Volume Encryption Driver, BitLocker To Go, BitLocker To Go, BitLocker To Go, Volume Shadow Copy Service
- basic disks, Volume Management, GUID Partition Table Partitioning, Basic Disk Volume Manager
- BitLocker, BitLocker Drive Encryption–BitLocker To Go, BitLocker Drive Encryption, Encryption Keys, Encryption Keys, Encryption Keys, Trusted Platform Module (TPM), Trusted Platform Module (TPM), BitLocker Boot Process, BitLocker Key Recovery, Full-Volume Encryption Driver, Full-Volume Encryption Driver, BitLocker To Go, BitLocker To Go
- BitLocker To Go, BitLocker To Go
- disk drivers, Multipath I/O (MPIO) Drivers
- dynamic disks, Dynamic Disks, The LDM Database, LDM and GPT or MBR-Style Partitioning, Dynamic Disk Volume Manager–Multipartition Volume Management, Multipartition Volume Management
- full-volume encryption driver, Full-Volume Encryption Driver
- multipartition volume management, Multipartition Volume Management–RAID-5 Volumes, Spanned Volumes, Striped Volumes, Mirrored Volumes, Mirrored Volumes, RAID-5 Volumes, RAID-5 Volumes
- terminology, Storage Terminology–Disk Sector Format, Disk Sector Format
- virtual hard disk support, Virtual Hard Disk Support–BitLocker Drive Encryption, BitLocker Drive Encryption
- volume I/O operations, Volume I/O Operations–Virtual Disk Service, Virtual Disk Service, Virtual Disk Service
- volume management, Volume Management, Basic Disks, GUID Partition Table Partitioning, Basic Disk Volume Manager, The LDM Database, The LDM Database, The LDM Database, The LDM Database, Dynamic Disk Volume Manager, The Mount Manager, The Mount Manager, Mount Points, Volume Mounting, Volume Mounting, Volume Mounting, Volume I/O Operations, Virtual Disk Service, Virtual Disk Service, Virtual Hard Disk Support
- Volume Shadow Copy Service, Volume Shadow Copy Service
- storage stacks, Prioritization Strategies, I/O Priority Inversion Avoidance (I/O Priority Inheritance), Disk Drivers, Multipath I/O (MPIO) Drivers, Multipath I/O (MPIO) Drivers
- store keys, Unified Caching
- Store Manager (unified caching), Unified Caching, Unified Caching, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems
- store pages, Unified Caching
- Storport minidriver, Attaching VHDs
- Storport.sys driver, Disk Class, Port, and Miniport Drivers, Disk Class, Port, and Miniport Drivers
- stream names, Stream-Based Caching
- stream-based caching, Stream-Based Caching
- stream-controlled block (SCB), NTFS File System Driver
- streaming playback, I/O Prioritization
- streams, Tracing and Logging, Stream-Based Caching, Common Log File System, Multiple Data Streams, Multiple Data Streams–Multiple Data Streams, Multiple Data Streams, Multiple Data Streams, Multiple Data Streams, The Change Journal File, The Change Journal File, Resource Managers
- associated with file names, Tracing and Logging
- attributes, Multiple Data Streams
- caching, Stream-Based Caching
- change journal, The Change Journal File, The Change Journal File
- CLFS, Common Log File System
- multiple, NTFS design goals, Multiple Data Streams–Multiple Data Streams, Multiple Data Streams, Multiple Data Streams, Multiple Data Streams
- TxF, Resource Managers
- strings, Buffer Overruns, Memory Corruption, and Special Pool
- Strings utility, Monitoring Pool Usage, Logical Prefetcher, Buffer Overruns, Memory Corruption, and Special Pool
- striped arrays, Dynamic Disks
- striped volumes, The LDM Database, Volume I/O Operations, Data Redundancy and Fault Tolerance
- data redundancy, Data Redundancy and Fault Tolerance
- I/O operations, Volume I/O Operations
- LDM partition entries, The LDM Database
- Structured Exception Handler Overwrite Protection (SEHOP), Software Data Execution Prevention
- subkeys, Device Enumeration
- subst command, Opening Devices
- Subst.exe utility, Previous Versions and System Restore
- subsystem DLLs, I/O Request to a Single-Layered Driver, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- success codes, I/O Completion Port Operation, KMDF I/O Model
- successful boots, Troubleshooting Crashes
- Superfetch service (proactive memory management), I/O Priorities, I/O Priority Boosts and Bumps, Logical Prefetcher, Logical Prefetcher, Components–Components, Components, Components, Tracing and Logging, Scenarios, Page Priority and Rebalancing–Robust Performance, Page Priority and Rebalancing–Robust Performance, Page Priority and Rebalancing, Robust Performance, Robust Performance, Robust Performance, ReadyBoost, ReadyDrive, Unified Caching, Unified Caching–Unified Caching, Unified Caching, Unified Caching, Process Reflection, Process Reflection
- components, Components–Components, Components, Components
- I/O priorities, I/O Priorities
- idle I/O, I/O Priority Boosts and Bumps
- logical prefetcher, Logical Prefetcher
- organizing files, Logical Prefetcher
- page priority, Page Priority and Rebalancing–Robust Performance, Robust Performance
- process reflection, Process Reflection, Process Reflection
- ReadyBoost, ReadyBoost, Unified Caching
- ReadyDrive, ReadyDrive
- rebalancing, Page Priority and Rebalancing–Robust Performance, Page Priority and Rebalancing, Robust Performance
- robust performance, Robust Performance
- scenarios, Scenarios
- tracing and logging, Tracing and Logging
- unified caching, Unified Caching–Unified Caching, Unified Caching, Unified Caching
- surprise-remove command, Driver Support for Plug and Play
- suspending, BitLocker Boot Process
- BitLocker, BitLocker Boot Process
- Svchost.exe (Service Hosting Process), Logical Prefetcher
- swapper thread, Balance Set Manager and Swapper
- switching CPU contexts, Hung or Unresponsive Systems
- Swprov.dll (shadow copy provider), Shadow Copy Provider–Uses in Windows, Uses in Windows
- symbol files, Basic Crash Dump Analysis, 0xC5 - DRIVER_CORRUPTED_EXPOOL
- symbol server, Crash Dump Files
- symbol-file paths, Basic Crash Dump Analysis
- symbolic exception registration records, Software Data Execution Prevention
- symbolic links, Driver Objects and Device Objects, Opening Devices, Opening Devices, Opening Devices, Disk Device Objects, The Mount Manager, Mount Points, Previous Versions and System Restore, Explicit File I/O, Symbolic (Soft) Links and Junctions–Compression and Sparse Files, Symbolic (Soft) Links and Junctions, Compression and Sparse Files, Compression and Sparse Files, The Change Journal File, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- change journal, The Change Journal File
- device names, Opening Devices
- device objects, Driver Objects and Device Objects
- file object extensions, Opening Devices
- MS-DOS devices, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- naming conventions, Disk Device Objects
- NTFS design goals, Symbolic (Soft) Links and Junctions–Compression and Sparse Files, Symbolic (Soft) Links and Junctions, Compression and Sparse Files, Compression and Sparse Files
- reparse points, Mount Points
- shadow copies, Previous Versions and System Restore
- viewing, Opening Devices
- volumes, The Mount Manager, Explicit File I/O
- symbols, kernel, Pool Sizes
- SymLinkEvaluation option, Symbolic (Soft) Links and Junctions
- symmetric encryption, Encrypting File System Security
- synchronization, I/O Requests to Layered Drivers, KMDF I/O Model, KMDF I/O Model, Internal Synchronization, Types of Heaps, Heap Synchronization
- heap manager, Heap Synchronization
- I/O requests, I/O Requests to Layered Drivers
- internal memory, Internal Synchronization
- KMDF callbacks, KMDF I/O Model
- KMDF queues, KMDF I/O Model
- not supported by heap functions, Types of Heaps
- synchronization objects, Synchronous and Asynchronous I/O, In-Paging I/O, Driver Verifier, Driver Verifier
- synchronization scope object attribute, KMDF I/O Model
- synchronous I/O, Opening Devices, Completing an I/O Request, User-Initiated I/O Cancellation, Fast I/O, Fast I/O
- cancellation, User-Initiated I/O Cancellation
- completion, Completing an I/O Request
- fast I/O, Fast I/O, Fast I/O
- file object attributes, Opening Devices
- Synchronous Paging I/O, Write-Back Caching and Lazy Writing
- SYSCALL instruction, DPC Stack
- SYSENTER instruction, DPC Stack
- sysptes command, System Page Table Entries–System Page Table Entries, System Page Table Entries, System Page Table Entries
- system address space, Virtual Address Space Layouts, Virtual Address Space Layouts, 64-Bit Address Space Layouts, Kernel Stacks
- system cache, 64-Bit Address Space Layouts, Dynamic System Virtual Address Space Management, Clustered Page Faults
- address space, 64-Bit Address Space Layouts
- expanding, Dynamic System Virtual Address Space Management
- prefetching pages, Clustered Page Faults
- system cache working sets, Virtual Address Space Layouts, System Working Sets, Cache Size, Cache Working Set Size
- system code write protection, Code Overwrite and System Code Write Protection–Advanced Crash Dump Analysis, Code Overwrite and System Code Write Protection, Advanced Crash Dump Analysis
- system code, in system space, Virtual Address Space Layouts–x86 Address Space Layouts, Virtual Address Space Layouts, x86 Address Space Layouts
- system commit limit, Commit Limit, Commit Charge and the System Commit Limit, Commit Charge and the System Commit Limit, Commit Charge and the System Commit Limit
- System Deployment Image (SDI), The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr
- system environment variables, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- system failures, Recoverable File System Support
- System File Checker (Sfc.exe), System File Corruption
- system files, Boot Sector Corruption–System Hive Corruption, System File Corruption, System File Corruption, System Hive Corruption
- backup copies, System File Corruption
- repairing corruption, Boot Sector Corruption–System Hive Corruption, System File Corruption, System Hive Corruption
- SYSTEM hive, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems, System Hive Corruption
- system identifiers (TPM), Encryption Keys
- System Image Recover (Windows RE), Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)
- System Image Recovery images, System File Corruption
- system images, x86 Address Space Layouts, x86 Address Space Layouts, Boot Logging in Safe Mode, System File Corruption
- System Information tool, Troubleshooting Crashes
- system integrity checks (TPM), Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
- system mapped views, Virtual Address Space Layouts, x86 System Address Space Layout, x86 System Address Space Layout
- system memory pools (kernel-mode heaps), Kernel-Mode Heaps (System Memory Pools)–Look-Aside Lists, Kernel-Mode Heaps (System Memory Pools), Pool Sizes, Pool Sizes, Monitoring Pool Usage, Monitoring Pool Usage, Monitoring Pool Usage, Look-Aside Lists, Look-Aside Lists
- system partitions, BIOS Preboot, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- system paths, Booting from iSCSI
- system power policies, Power Manager Operation, Driver Power Operation, Driver Power Operation
- system power requests, Power Availability Requests
- System process, Memory Manager Components, Internal Synchronization, Process Monitor Basic vs. Advanced Modes
- system process shutdowns, Shutdown–Shutdown, Shutdown, Shutdown
- System Properties tool, Crash Dump Files
- system PTE working sets, Virtual Address Space Layouts, Balance Set Manager and Swapper
- system PTEs, Virtual Address Space Layouts, x86 Address Space Layouts, System Page Table Entries, System Page Table Entries, 64-Bit Address Space Layouts, Dynamic System Virtual Address Space Management
- System Recovery Options dialog box, Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)
- system resources, releasing, Structure of a Driver–Driver Objects and Device Objects, Structure of a Driver, Driver Objects and Device Objects
- System Restore, VSS Architecture, Previous Versions and System Restore, Previous Versions and System Restore, Previous Versions and System Restore, Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE), System Hive Corruption, Post–Splash Screen Crash or Hang
- System Restore Wizard, Post–Splash Screen Crash or Hang
- system root paths, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems
- system service dispatch tables, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems
- system shutdown notification routines, Structure of a Driver
- system start (1) value, Driver Support for Plug and Play, The Start Value
- system start device drivers, Causes of Windows Crashes
- system storage class device drivers, Prioritization Strategies
- system threads, Modified Page Writer, Modified Page Writer
- system time, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems, Advanced Crash Dump Analysis
- system variables, PFN Data Structures
- system virtual address spaces, Internal Synchronization, Dynamic System Virtual Address Space Management, System Virtual Address Space Quotas, The Memory Manager
- system virtual memory limits, Physical Memory Limits–32-Bit Client Effective Memory Limits, Windows Client Memory Limits, 32-Bit Client Effective Memory Limits, 32-Bit Client Effective Memory Limits, 32-Bit Client Effective Memory Limits
- System Volume Information directory, Shadow Copy Provider
- system volumes, LDM and GPT or MBR-Style Partitioning, Mirrored Volumes, BIOS Preboot, Smss, Csrss, and Wininit
- system worker threads, System Threads, Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems
- system working set lists, PFN Data Structures
- system working sets, Driver Verifier, System Working Sets
- forcing code out of, Driver Verifier
- working sets, System Working Sets
- system-managed paging files, Page Files
- system-managed shared resources, Commit Charge and the System Commit Limit
- system-start values, Device Enumeration
- SystemLowPriorityIoInformation class, I/O Priority Boosts and Bumps
- systemroot element, The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr
- SystemSuperFetchInformation class, Scenarios
- systemwide code and data, Virtual Address Space Layouts
- systemwide environment variables, When There Is No Crash Dump
- SYSTEM_SERVICE_EXCEPTION stop code, Causes of Windows Crashes
- SYSTEM_THREAD_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED stop code, Causes of Windows Crashes